Section 1 On To The Summit : We Reach The Top Ex 1.2
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Information on English Grammar
English grammar is the system of rules and principles that
govern the structure and usage of the English language. Here are some key
aspects of English grammar:
1. Parts of Speech: English words are categorized
into different parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives,
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech
serves a specific grammatical function in a sentence.
2. Sentence Structure: English sentences typically
follow a subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, where the subject performs the
action represented by the verb on the object. However, this structure can vary
depending on the type of sentence and the emphasis placed on different
elements.
3. Tenses: English verbs can express
different tenses to indicate the time of an action or event. Common tenses
include present, past, and future, each of which can be further modified with
aspects such as continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.
4. Articles: English has two articles:
"a/an" (indefinite) and "the" (definite). These articles
are used to indicate whether a noun refers to a specific or non-specific item.
5. Pronouns: Pronouns are used to replace
nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition. Common pronouns include personal
pronouns (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they), possessive pronouns (e.g.,
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs), and reflexive pronouns (e.g.,
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves).
6. Modifiers: Adjectives and adverbs are
modifiers that provide additional information about nouns (adjectives) and
verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (adverbs) in a sentence.
7. Conjunctions: Conjunctions are words used
to connect words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence. Common conjunctions
include coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or), subordinating
conjunctions (e.g., because, although, while), and correlative conjunctions
(e.g., either...or, neither...nor).
8. Prepositions: Prepositions are words that
indicate the relationship between nouns or pronouns and other elements in a
sentence. They often show location (e.g., in, on, at), direction (e.g., to,
from, into), or time (e.g., before, after, during).
9. Subject-Verb Agreement: In English grammar, the
subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular or plural). This
means that a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes
a plural verb.
10. Punctuation: Punctuation marks such as commas, periods, question marks, exclamation marks, colons, semicolons, and quotation marks are used to clarify the structure and meaning of sentences, as well as to indicate pauses and intonation in speech.