Chapter 15 India during Mughal period
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History of India during Mughal period
During the Mughal period in India, which spanned from the
early 16th to the mid-19th century, the Indian subcontinent experienced a
significant period of cultural, economic, and architectural flourishing under
the rule of the Mughal emperors. Here's a breakdown:
1. Mughal
Dynasty: The
Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane,
who invaded India in 1526 and established the Mughal dynasty. The Mughals were
of Central Asian Turkic origin and were skilled warriors and administrators.
2.
Cultural Syncretism:
The Mughal period saw a remarkable synthesis of Indian and Central Asian
cultures. This fusion was evident in various aspects such as architecture, art,
language, and cuisine. The Mughal rulers were patrons of the arts and supported
the development of Indo-Islamic architecture, miniature painting, literature, and
music.
3.
Architectural Marvels: The Mughal emperors commissioned the construction of magnificent
architectural marvels, including the Taj Mahal in Agra, which is considered one
of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Other notable structures include
the Red Fort in Delhi, Fatehpur Sikri, and the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.
4.
Economic Prosperity:
The Mughal Empire was one of the wealthiest and most prosperous regions
in the world during this period. The economy was based on agriculture, trade,
and craftsmanship. The Mughals established a network of trade routes and
promoted commerce, leading to the growth of cities and towns.
5.
Religious Policy: The
Mughal emperors pursued a policy of religious tolerance, although there were
periods of religious conflict. Akbar, in particular, is known for his efforts
to promote harmony among different religious communities through policies like
Sulh-e-kul (peace with all).
6.
Decline: The Mughal Empire reached its zenith under Akbar and his
successors, but it began to decline in the 18th century due to various factors
such as weak successors, invasions by foreign powers like the British, internal
strife, and economic challenges.
7.
Legacy: Despite
its eventual decline, the Mughal period left a lasting legacy on Indian
culture, society, and politics. The Mughals introduced Central Asian influences
into Indian society, which continue to be visible today in various aspects of
Indian life.
Overall, the Mughal period in Indian history was characterized by cultural richness, architectural splendor, and economic prosperity, making it a significant era in the country's history.